Pulmonologists are specialists who focus on the respiratory system, including the lungs and bronchial tubes, as well as the upper respiratory tract, and the chest wall. They are trained to diagnose and treat conditions that affect the respiratory system, such as asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis, lung cancers, and complicated chest infections. These medical professionals work closely with patients to manage chronic respiratory diseases, provide advanced treatments like bronchoscopy, and offer guidance on pulmonary rehabilitation.